The dog has a facial muscle that allows him to soften us better

How to resist his dog when he raises his eyebrows?"Oh, he is sad!" Then answer most of the masters falling into a sweet anthropomorphism.A study published on June 17, 2019 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals that this formidable expression was favored during evolution.

The characteristic "puppy eyes" has been favored over time

A team of researchers compared the anatomy and the behavior of dogs and their wild "cousins", wolves.Scientists then noted that if the facial musculature of the two canides is generally the same, it differs at a particular point: above the eyes.In this area, dogs have an additional muscle, the levator anguli oculi medialis or laom, which allows them to lift the eyebrows intensely.In wolves, these structures only come down to small irregular fiber clusters."We have also studied the behavior of dogs and wolves and when they are all exposed to a human for two minutes, dogs raise their eyebrows with more intensity than wolves," added researcher Juliane Kaminski in a statement.

These muscles would therefore have developed for thousands of years in order to improve communication with humans, the latter being particularly founded by this expression which gives dogs bigger eyes and a sad look."The results suggest that expressive eyebrows in dogs can be the result of human unconscious preferences that have influenced selection during domestication.When dogs make this movement, it seems to arouse a strong desire for care in humans.This would give dogs, which move more eyebrows, a selective advantage compared to others and would strengthen the 'puppy' eyes' in the next generations, "explains Dr. Kaminski.For Professor Anne Burrows, also co-author, "it is a striking difference for separate species there are only 33.000 years ".In this case, the reaction of man was a huge selection pressure.

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In this study, researchers have shown that "Evator Anguli Ocli Medalis, a muscle responsible for the intense elevation of the eyebrow, is uniformly present in dogs but not among wolves". © PNAS / Juliane Kaminski & all

Regarding the Raol muscle (for "Retractor Anguli Ocui Lateralis") which "is very variable in size and in presence.It is present in most gray wolves but is generally more gray than in domestic dog, and consists of lean beams of muscle fibers ", underlines the study.All domestic dogs have this muscle except the Siberian Huskies "which belong to the breeds of older dogs and closer to wolves than many other races".

Dogs are more expressive when looked at

Das a previous study, Juliane Kaminski and her colleagues had proven that the facial expressions of dogs are subject to the hearing effect: the facial movements of our companions are influenced by the presence of an observer.They are more expressive when the experimenter is turned towards them rather than when it turns their backs."This suggests that facial expressions are not only the inflexible and involuntary manifestation of a state of mind, noted the researchers in the study published in 2017 in Scientific Report.But the more an active attempt to communicate with the other ".They already explained that the eyebrow statement - or expression at101 in scientific literature -, "looks like a facial movement that in humans indicates sadness, which can potentially push them to show more empathy towards dogs thatThe most eyebrows are most.